Bangkok

Thai food in Bangkok balances sweet, sour, salty, spicy and bitter flavors, and much of it is eaten casually at street stalls, open-fronted shophouse restaurants and food courts. People often eat several small meals a day, and dishes are typically shared and eaten with rice, using a fork and spoon.

The city also reflects Chinese, Indian, Muslim and regional Thai influences, so you can find central Thai curries, northeastern grilled meats and salads, southern spicy dishes and Chinese-style noodles and roast meats. Night markets and neighborhood streets are especially good for trying many things in one outing.

Fresh tropical fruit, iced drinks and desserts are everywhere. Spice levels can be strong, so it is common to ask for a dish less spicy, and condiments such as chili flakes, sugar, fish sauce and vinegar are often on the table for seasoning.

Bangkok began as a small trading settlement on the west bank of the Chao Phraya River, in the area later called Thonburi. After the fall of Ayutthaya in 1767, King Taksin established Thonburi as the capital for a short period.

In 1782 King Rama I, founder of the Chakri dynasty, moved the capital across the river to Rattanakosin Island and began building the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew. Canals were dug to form a defensive moat and to serve as waterways, giving the city a reputation as the Venice of the East.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, under kings such as Rama IV and Rama V, the city modernized with roads, trams and Western-influenced buildings. Rapid growth followed in the second half of the 20th century, when the city expanded far beyond its old core and became the country's political, economic and cultural center.

Thai society places great importance on respect, especially toward the monarchy, Buddhism and elders. Speaking disrespectfully about the royal family is illegal, so visitors should be careful in conversation and online. The traditional greeting is the wai, pressing palms together with a slight bow.

When visiting temples, dress modestly with shoulders and knees covered, and remove shoes before entering buildings. Do not point your feet at Buddha images or people, do not touch anyone's head, and women should avoid touching monks or handing things to them directly. Keep voices low in sacred spaces.

People generally value staying calm and avoiding open conflict, often described as jai yen, or a cool heart. Smiling and patience go a long way when things go wrong, and bargaining is normal at markets but should be friendly and not aggressive.